FREE Account Opening + No Clearing Fees
Loading...

NCD IPO Explained | NCD vs FD (Fixed Deposit)

Published on Tuesday, March 19, 2019 by Chittorgarh.com Team | Modified on Thursday, May 13, 2021

NCD IPO Explained | NCD vs FD (Fixed Deposit)

Non-Convertible Debentures (NCD's) are fixed income instruments used by companies to raise long-term capital from the public. They are known as non-convertible as these debentures cannot be converted into shares. NCD's offer a fixed rate of return to investors for a fixed period.

Here are the important points on non-convertible debentures:

  • The maturity period of NCD can range from 90-days to 10 or even 30-years.
  • The accumulated money through NCD is part of the capital structure of the company. In the case of equity shares, the collected amount is part of the share capital.
  • With NCD issue, the liable company cannot convert this instrument to equity share as it is already specified before launch.
  • As compared to convertible debentures and fixed deposits, NCD offers a higher rate of returns.
  • To earn the trust of investors, the companies get the issue rated by the credit rating companies before issuing it. A higher rating denotes that the companies have the capability to pay debt on time and the default risk is lower. Similarly, the lower credit rating shows that investing in such companies have a high risk.

NCD Public Issue (NCD IPO) is the process by which a corporate raises the NCD funds through the public. The process is similar to equity initial public offer (IPO) of private limited companies. One major difference in Equity IPO and NCD public issue is the bidding of NCD stops as soon as it is fully subscribed. The allotment is based on the first come first serve basis in NCD IPO.


NCD vs Fixed Deposit (FDs)

Parameters NCD's Fixed Deposits

Issuing Entities

Corporates

Banks and Corporates

Interest Rate

NCD's typically offer 2 to 2.5% higher returns than the bank FDs at any point in time.

Rate of Return (RoR)

RoR is 2 to 2.5% higher in NCD's than FDs

Tax Deduction at Source

NA

Applicable if gain exceeds Rs 40,000 a year. (Rs 50,000 in case of senior citizens)

Liquidity

Low

High

Maturity Period

3-10 years

7 days to 10-years

Applicable Taxes

STCG and LTCG Tax

Interest is taxable as per your tax slab


Major Types of NCD's

Non-Convertible Debentures are basically divided into two types; secured and unsecured NCD.

  1. Secured NCD

    As the name suggests, you are comparatively on the safer side with secured instruments. They will provide assurance on repayment up to some extent if the company defaults. For example, Muthoot Finance LTD is planning to raise Rs. 100 crore through secured redeemable NCD's. The issue has opened on 14th Feb 2019 and is closing on 14th March 2019. As it is a secured NCD, it has a higher degree of safety on credit repayment.

  2. Unsecured NCD

    On the other hand, unsecured debt offers a higher rate of returns than the counterpart. Unsecured NCD's involve comparatively higher risk over repayment when the company defaults. Taking the example of India Infoline Finance Limited, it has issued secured and unsecured NCD's to raise money. Based on the selection, it offers 9.50% to 10.50% coupon rates where the highest belongs to unsecured NCD with high-risk involvement.

The key difference between the secured and unsecured NCD's is that the former is supported by company assets. When the company defaults, the investor can claim money through the asset liquidation process.


NCD Credit Rating

  • Whenever a company goes to raise the money through NCD, it is mandatory to get its credit rating done. The credit rating agencies such as ICRA, CRISIL, and Fitch etc. analyze the companies and rate them on creditworthiness. A higher rating indicates higher creditworthiness of the issuer.
  • According to a report by SEBI, no company with a credit rating of AAA has ever defaulted. And, when it comes to companies with a lower rating than AAA, the percentage increases.

NCD Exit Options

The liquidity of NCD's is higher than the FDs because they are listed in the stock exchanges for trading.

  • Put or Call Options

    Further, some NCD's also have put or call options to exit. With a call option, the investor can redeem the NCD before maturity. On the other hand, with the put option, the investors can sell the debentures to issuer before maturity at a predefined price.


Applicable Taxes

Depending on holding time of NCD, the investor has to pay taxes accordingly. There is no tax Deducted at Source (TDS) on NCD's.

  • Till Maturity

    If you stay with non-convertible debentures till maturity, your gain will be included with the income and you will have to pay taxes as per your respective tax slab. As a result, for the investors with the highest tax slab, post-tax returns from the non-convertible debentures are lower.

  • Redemption within a year

    Fo Redeeming the bond before a year, you have to pay Short Term Capital Gains (STCG) Tax as per the tax slab you fall into.

  • Redemption after a Year but Before Maturity

    For investing over a year but redeeming before maturity, you have to pay Long Term Capital Gains (LTCG) Tax at 20% with indexation and 10% without indexation.


NCD Interest Rate 2019

Coming to the NCD interest rate in India, it offers an interest rate higher than the fixed deposit of 5-years and more. In addition, interest rates are also affected by the following factors:

  • Types of NCD

    Unsecured NCD's offer a higher rate of return over the secured ones. Here you have to understand that the higher interest rates come with higher risk as well. So, it is wise to assess returns and risks before investing in an NCD.

  • NCD Payout Option

    Moreover, NCD's offer various options to take payout on a yearly, quarterly, monthly, weekly and cumulative basis. In the cumulative option, the interest is accumulated and paid on maturity. For the investors who are investing with the purpose of achieving a financial goal instead of regular income, the cumulative option is a good choice.

Summing it up, before purchasing an NCD, it is necessary to check the credit rating, NCD types, the rate of returns, applicable taxes, and exit options. Considering all the factors affecting an NCD will help you make an informed decision.

Rate this article
26
4.0
Rating:Rated 4.0 stars
Vote Here ...


3 Comments

3. Amit Jogani   I Like It. |Report Abuse|  Link|October 14, 2022 12:10:09 PMReply
NHIT NCD it's central Government Co ?
Can I subscribe as a safe investment ? Any risk or safe investment ? Interest amount Taxable or Tax free ?
2. Surendra Meher   I Like It. |Report Abuse|  Link|February 2, 2022 1:33:43 PMReply
NCD,
Dear sir,
Good afternoon sir, south indian bank equity shares holder am Surendra Meher DP ID in300484 10 cored loan
2.1. Surendra Meher   I Like It. |Report Abuse|  Link|February 16, 2022 3:06:20 PM
NCD
Dear sir
Good evening sir, south indian bank equity shares holder am Surendra Meher DP ID:,in300484 how much loan can I get
1. Surendra Meher   I Like It. |Report Abuse|  Link|February 2, 2022 1:21:10 PMReply
NCD.
Dear sir,
Good afternoon south indian bank equity shares holder am Surendra Meher DP ID in30084 10 cored loan